Spring @Profile允许开发人员按条件注册bean。例如，根据您的应用程序正在运行的操作系统（Windows，* nix）注册bean，或者根据在开发，测试，登台或生产环境中运行的应用程序加载数据库属性文件。
在本教程中，我们将向您展示一个Spring @Profile应用程序，它执行以下操作：
dev和liveConcurrentMapCacheManagerEhCacheCacheManager注意
使用的工具 ：
此@Profile批注可以在类级别或方法级别应用。
1.1普通的Spring配置，启用缓存，以便Spring在运行时期望缓存管理器。
AppConfig中
package com.mkyong.test; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @EnableCaching @ComponentScan({ "com.mkyong.*" }) public class AppConfig { } 复制
1.2 dev配置文件，它返回一个简单的缓存管理器concurrentMapCacheManager
CacheConfigDev.java
package com.mkyong.test; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; import org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheManager; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile; @Configuration @Profile("dev") public class CacheConfigDev { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CacheConfigDev.class); @Bean public CacheManager concurrentMapCacheManager() { log.debug("Cache manager is concurrentMapCacheManager"); return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager("movieFindCache"); } }复制
1.3 live返回的配置文件ehCacheCacheManager
CacheConfigLive.java
package com.mkyong.test; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; import org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager; import org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; @Configuration @Profile("live") public class CacheConfigLive { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CacheConfigDev.class); @Bean public CacheManager cacheManager() { log.debug("Cache manager is ehCacheCacheManager"); return new EhCacheCacheManager(ehCacheCacheManager().getObject()); } @Bean public EhCacheManagerFactoryBean ehCacheCacheManager() { EhCacheManagerFactoryBean cmfb = new EhCacheManagerFactoryBean(); cmfb.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource("ehcache.xml")); cmfb.setShared(true); return cmfb; } }复制
很少有代码片段向您展示如何启用Spring配置文件。
2.1对于非Web应用程序，您可以通过Spring上下文环境启用配置文件。
App.java
package com.mkyong.test; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(); //Enable a "live" profile context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("live"); context.register(AppConfig.class); context.refresh(); ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close(); } }复制
产量
DEBUG com.mkyong.test.CacheConfigDev - Cache manager is ehCacheCacheManager 复制
或者，通过这样的系统属性
App.java
package com.mkyong.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; import org.springframework.core.env.AbstractEnvironment; public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { //Enable a "dev" profile System.setProperty(AbstractEnvironment.ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME, "dev"); ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class); } }复制
产量
DEBUG com.mkyong.test.CacheConfigDev - Cache manager is concurrentMapCacheManager 复制
2.2对于Web应用程序，在中定义了上下文参数 web.xml
web.xml中
<context-param> <param-name>spring.profiles.active</param-name> <param-value>live</param-value> </context-param>复制
2.3对于Web应用程序没有web.xml，像servlet 3.0+容器
MyWebInitializer.java
package com.mkyong.servlet3; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; public class MyWebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { //... @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { super.onStartup(servletContext); servletContext.setInitParameter("spring.profiles.active", "live"); } }
2.4对于单元测试，使用 @ActiveProfiles
CacheManagerTest.java
package com.mkyong.test; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { AppConfig.class }) @ActiveProfiles("dev") public class CacheManagerTest { @Autowired private CacheManager cacheManager; @Test public void test_abc() { //... } }复制
3.1 Spring @Profile可以在方法级别应用。
AppConfig.java
<span style="color:#212529"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">package</span> com<span style="color:#999999">.</span>mkyong<span style="color:#999999">.</span>test<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>slf4j<span style="color:#999999">.</span>Logger<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>slf4j<span style="color:#999999">.</span>LoggerFactory<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>CacheManager<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>annotation<span style="color:#999999">.</span>EnableCaching<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>concurrent<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ConcurrentMapCacheManager<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ehcache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>EhCacheCacheManager<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ehcache<span style="color:#999999">.</span>EhCacheManagerFactoryBean<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>context<span style="color:#999999">.</span>annotation<span style="color:#999999">.</span>Bean<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>context<span style="color:#999999">.</span>annotation<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ComponentScan<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>context<span style="color:#999999">.</span>annotation<span style="color:#999999">.</span>Configuration<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>context<span style="color:#999999">.</span>annotation<span style="color:#999999">.</span>Profile<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> org<span style="color:#999999">.</span>springframework<span style="color:#999999">.</span>core<span style="color:#999999">.</span>io<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ClassPathResource<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Configuration</span> <span style="color:#999999">@EnableCaching</span> <span style="color:#999999">@ComponentScan</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#669900">"com.mkyong.*"</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">public</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">class</span> AppConfig <span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">private</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">static</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">final</span> Logger log <span style="color:#a67f59">=</span> LoggerFactory<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">getLogger</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>AppConfig<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#0077aa">class</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Bean</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Profile</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"dev"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">public</span> CacheManager <span style="color:#dd4a68">concurrentMapCacheManager</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span> log<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">debug</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"Cache manager is concurrentMapCacheManager"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">return</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> ConcurrentMapCacheManager<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"movieFindCache"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Bean</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Profile</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"live"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">public</span> CacheManager <span style="color:#dd4a68">cacheManager</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span> log<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">debug</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"Cache manager is ehCacheCacheManager"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">return</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> EhCacheCacheManager<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">ehCacheCacheManager</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">getObject</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Bean</span> <span style="color:#999999">@Profile</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"live"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">public</span> EhCacheManagerFactoryBean <span style="color:#dd4a68">ehCacheCacheManager</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span> EhCacheManagerFactoryBean cmfb <span style="color:#a67f59">=</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> EhCacheManagerFactoryBean<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> cmfb<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">setConfigLocation</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> ClassPathResource<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"ehcache.xml"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> cmfb<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">setShared</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#990055">true</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">return</span> cmfb<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span> </code></span></span>复制
3.2您可以启用多个配置文件。
<span style="color:#212529"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context <span style="color:#a67f59">=</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> context<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">getEnvironment</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">setActiveProfiles</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"live"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">"linux"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#708090">//or</span> System<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">setProperty</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>AbstractEnvironment<span style="color:#999999">.</span>ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME<span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">"dev, windows"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> </code></span></span>复制
web.xml中
<span style="color:#212529"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-markup"> <span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"><</span>context-param</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span> <span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"><</span>param-name</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span>spring.profiles.active<span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"></</span>param-name</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span> <span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"><</span>param-value</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span>stage, postgresql<span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"></</span>param-value</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span> <span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#990055"><span style="color:#999999"></</span>context-param</span><span style="color:#999999">></span></span> </code></span></span>复制
<span style="color:#212529"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"> <span style="color:#999999">@ActiveProfiles</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#669900">"dev"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">"mysql"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#669900">"integration"</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> </code></span></span>复制
<span style="color:#212529"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>ConfigurableEnvironment<span style="color:#999999">)</span>context<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">getEnvironment</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">setActiveProfiles</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#0077aa">new</span> String<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#669900">"dev"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">"embedded"</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span></code></span></span>